の

• indicates possessive prt
• nominalizes verbs and adjectives prt
• substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases prt
• (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion prt
• (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis prt fem
• (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question prt

乃

の

• 's; of; belonging to prt arch

が

• indicates sentence subject (occasionally object) prt
• indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions) prt
• but; however; still; and conj
• regardless of; whether (or not) conj